What assessment could suggest estrogen deficiency in women?

The absence of rugae in the vagina is a significant indicator of estrogen deficiency in women. Rugae are the folds in the vaginal and cervical lining that become more pronounced in the presence of estrogen. When estrogen levels are low, such as in menopause or other conditions that result in decreased estrogen production, the vaginal tissue can become thinner, and the rugae may become less prominent or absent altogether. This can lead to symptoms such as vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse, which are commonly associated with estrogen deficiency. Monitoring the presence of rugae is a key aspect of gynecological assessments, particularly in postmenopausal women or those experiencing symptoms indicative of hormonal changes.