What class of antibiotics can cause hearing loss?

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics known for their potential to cause ototoxicity, which can lead to hearing loss. This side effect is particularly of concern in medications such as gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. The mechanism by which aminoglycosides induce toxicity is associated with the accumulation of the drug in the inner ear, which can damage the sensory hair cells responsible for hearing.

In clinical practice, it is critical to monitor patients receiving aminoglycosides, especially those on prolonged therapy or those with pre-existing renal impairment, as they may have an increased risk for this adverse effect. Regular audiological assessments may be warranted in patients receiving these agents to evaluate for any signs of hearing loss.

The other antibiotic classes listed do not have the same risk for ototoxicity associated with them. Tetracyclines are associated with various side effects, including photosensitivity and esophageal irritation, but do not typically affect hearing. Macrolides may have gastrointestinal side effects and occasionally cause transient deafness, but this is much rarer. Penicillins are generally well-tolerated and do not have a recognized link to hearing loss. Therefore, aminoglycosides stand out as the class of